Paper 6
Studying the Effect of Indoor
Sources and Ventilation on the Concentrations of Particulates in Dining
Halls
Christos H Halios, Margarita N Assimakopoulos, D.
Sfihtelli Stathis Chrisafis
and Mat Santamouris
Department of Environmental Physics and Meteorology,
Faculty of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens,
Zografou, University Campus, Building Phys 5, 15784, Athens, Greece
Abstract
The impact of ventilation on indoor particulate pollution is
highlighted by numerous studies. The aim of the present study is to
examine the influence of ventilation on the levels of particulate
concentrations found in dining halls where a large number of students are
accommodated. Indoor particulate sources were also quantified and their
influence on the particulate concentrations was examined.
Measurements were conducted in four University dining halls, which are
located in different parts of the city of Athens. Indoor and outdoor CO2,
PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations along with the number of occupants and
smokers were measured in each dining hall during the accommodation of the
students. Measurements were repeated for five working days in each dining
hall. Ventilation rates were estimated by applying a methodology that
involves the solution of the mass balance equation for the CO2
concentrations. The indoor particulate production rates were estimated by
performing consecutive numerical experiments with the Multi Chamber Indoor
Air Quality Model (MIAQ).
Median CO2 concentrations ranged between 1043 µg m-3 and 1590 µg m-3
and ventilation rates ranged between 0.58 h-1 and 5.15 h-1. The respective
values for PM1 ranged between 8.6 µg m-3 and 22 µg m-3, for PM2.5
between 17 µg m-3 and 60 µg m-3 and for PM10 between 24 µg m-3 and 78
µg m-3. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the log transformed
ventilation rates and the PM10 concentrations were found to be -0.6.
Median values of the total production rates were found to range between
100 µg min-1 and 5500 µg min-1 and are highly correlated with the number
of occupants (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.86).
Examination of the origin of the particulate sources indicated that, in
the majority of cases, re-suspension is more significant than combustion
sources. Significant short-term variation (one hour time interval) of the
various sources was also observed.
Even though the production rates were significantly elevated, the
measured particulate concentrations were moderate due to the high air
change rates obtained. These findings support the results of other studies
that highlight the significance of ventilation in environments where
indoor sources are prominent.
Key words: particles, indoor, production, re-suspension,
ventilation.
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