Paper 2
Ventilated Airflow Windows for
Comfort in a Hot and Humid Climate
Matthias
Haase1 and A. Amato2
1
SINTEF, Building and Infrastructure, Buildings, Alfred Getz vei 3, NO-7465
Trondheim, Norway
2
Davis
Langdon Management Consulting, MidCity Place, 71 High Holborn, London WC1V
6QS, UK
Abstract
Hong
Kong’s climate is sub-tropical.
It has
hot and humid weather during summer and more
temperate weather during the winter. The façade
accounts for more than 50% of the peak cooling load in office buildings.
This makes an integrated façade design important. This paper reports
continuing research into optimising the design
of a ventilated façade system by controlling the exhaust airflow. The
first step was to analyse the ventilation system in a simple office room.
This resulted in further integration of a climate responsive façade and
an energy efficient MVAC system. This paper reports on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations
carried out for two identical detailed rooms with different façade
systems. This determined the advantages in terms of improved
thermal
comfort of a
room with ventilation airflow through a double-skin façade.
Key words:
CFD, double-skin façade system, hot humid climate, thermal
comfort, ventilation, simulation.
References
Bansal NK: (2001). “Sustainability
through building”, Omega
Scientific Publishers, New Delhi.
Chen Q and Van Der Kooi J:
(1990). “A methodology for indoor airflow computations and energy
analysis for a displacement ventilation system”. Energy
and Buildings, 14,
pp259-271.
EMSD: (2003). “Hong Kong energy end-use data
(1991-2001)”. Hong Kong, Electrical and Mechanical Services Department,
HKSAR.
Erell E, Etzion Y,
Carlstrom N, Sandberg M, Molina J, Maestre I, Maldonado E, Leal V and
Gutschker O: (2004). “'SOLVENT': Development of a reversible
solar-screen glazing system”. Energy and Buildings, 36,
pp467-480.
Etzion Y and Erell E:
(2003). “Controlling the transmission of radiant energy through windows:
a novel ventilated reversible glazing system”. Building
and Environment, 35,
pp433-444.
Faggembauu D, Costa M,
Soria M and Oliva A: (2003). “Numerical analysis of the thermal
behaviour of glazed ventilated facades in Mediterranean climates. Part II:
applications and analysis of results”. Solar
Energy, 75,
pp229-239.
Fanger PO: (1970). “Thermal
comfort : analysis and applications in environmental engineering”, New
York McGraw-Hill.
FLOMERICS: (2002).
“Flovent manual”. flomerics.
Garde-Bentaleb F,
Miranville F, Boyer H and Depecker P: (2002). “Bringing scientific
knowledge from research to the professional fields: the case of the
thermal and airflow design of buildings in tropical climates”. Energy
and Buildings, 34,
pp511-521.
Givoni B: (1992).
“Comfort, climate analysis and building design guidelines”. Energy and Buildings, 18,
pp11-23.
Haase M and Amato A:
(2005a) “Development of a double-skin facade system that combines
airflow windows with solar chimneys”. Sustainable
Building 2005. Tokyo, Japan.
Haase M and Amato A:
(2005b) “Double-skin facades and thermal comfort”. Healthy
Building HK. HK, China, CIIHK.
Haase M and Amato A:
(2005c) “Double-skin facades in Hong Kong”. 5th
International Postgraduate Research Conference. Salford, U.K.,
University of Salford.
Haase M and Amato A:
(2005d) “Fundamentals for climate responsive envelopes”. Glass in Buildings 2. Bath, UK, CWCT.
Haase M, Close J and Pang
H: (2004a) “Enhanced ventilation with solar chimneys”. Joint Symposium 2004 Servicing dense built environments. Hong Kong,
China.
Haase M, Close J and Pang
H: (2004b) “Natural ventilation with solar chimneys”. 2nd CIB Student Chapters International Symposium, Sustainability and
Innovation in Construction and Real Estate. Tsinghua University,
Beijing, China.
Haase M, Wong F and Amato
A: (2004c) “Double-skin facades for Hong Kong”. International Conference on Building Envelope Systems & Technology. Sydney,
Australia, ICBEST2004 Pty Ltd.
Hensen J, Bartak M, Drkal
F: (2002). “Modeling and simulation of a double-skin facade system /
Discussion”. ASHRAE Transactions,
108, pp1251.
Hensen JLM and Nakahara N:
(2001). “Energy and building performance simulation: current state and
future issues”. Energy and
Buildings, 33, ppvii-ix.
Howell RH: (1998). “Principles
of heating, ventilating and air conditioning: a textbook with design data
based on the 1997 ASHRAE handbook-fundamentals”,
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
Engineers, Atlanta, Ga.
Hui SCM: (2000). “Solar
Hong Kong - present applications and future prospects”. Renewable Energy World, 3, pp76-83.
Hui SCM: (2001) “Low
energy building design in high density urban cities”. Renewable Energy, 24,
pp627-640.
IEA: (2002) “HybVent
- Hybrid ventilation”, http://hybvent.civil.auc.dk/.
ISO_7730 &
EN_ISO_7730: (1991) “Moderate thermal environments - Determination of
the PMV and PPD indices and specification of the conditions for thermal
comfort”. In ORGANISATION, I. S. (Ed.) Geneva, International
Standards Organisation.
Johnson RR: (1999). “Fundamentals
of HVAC systems”, American
Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers Inc.,
Atlanta, GA.
Kim MH, Oh CY and Yang WJ:
(2003). “Thermal performance of a triple-glazed exhausting and
ventilating airflow window system”. Journal
of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 17, pp402-406.
Kim M H and Yang WJ:
(2002). “An optimum design on the triple-glazed exhaust airflow
window”. International Journal of
Energy Research, 26,
pp355-364.
Koestel A and Tuve GL:
(1955). “Performance and evaluation of room air distribution systems”.
ASHRAE Transactions, 61,
pp533.
Lam JC: (1995).
“Building envelope loads and commercial sector electricity use in Hong
Kong”. Energy, 20, pp189-194.
Lam JC and Li DHW: (1996).
“Study of solar radiation data for Hong Kong”. Energy
Conversion and Management, 37,
pp343-351.
Lam JC and Li DHW: (1999).
“An analysis of daylighting and solar heat for cooling-dominated office
buildings”. Solar Energy, 65,
pp251-262.
Lam JC, Li DHW and Cheung
SO: (2003). “An analysis of electricity end-use in air-conditioned
office buildings in Hong Kong”. Building
and Environment, 38,
pp493-498.
Lam JC, Tsang CL and Li
DHW: (2004) “Long term ambient temperature analysis and energy use
implications in Hong Kong. Energy
Conversion and Management, 45,
pp315-327.
Li DHW and Lam JC: (2002).
“A study of atmospheric turbidity for Hong Kong”. Renewable Energy, 25,
pp1-13.
Manz H: (2003).
“Numerical simulation of heat transfer by natural convection in cavities
of facade elements”. Energy and
Buildings, 35,
pp305-311.
Manz H, Schaelin A and
Simmler H: (2004). “Airflow patterns and thermal behavior of
mechanically ventilated glass double facades”. Building
and Environment, 39,
pp1023-1033.
McEvoy ME, Southall RG and
Baker PH: (2003) “Test cell evaluation of supply air windows to
characterise their optimum performance and its verification by the use of
modelling techniques”. Energy and
Buildings, 35,
pp1009-1020.
Prianto E and Depecker P:
(2002). “Characteristic of airflow as the effect of balcony, opening
design and internal division on indoor velocity - A case study of
traditional dwelling in urban living quarter in tropical humid region”. Energy and Buildings, 34,
pp401-409.
Qingyan C and Weiran X:
(1998). “A zero-equation turbulence model for indoor airflow
simulation”. Energy and Buildings,
28, pp137-144.
Reichrath S and Davies TW:
(2002). “Using CFD to model the internal climate of greenhouses: past,
present and future”. Agronomie,
22, pp3-19.
West S: (2001)
“Improving the sustainable development of building stock by the
implementation of energy efficient, climate control technologies”. Building
and Environment, 36,
pp281-289.
Wong F and Amato A: (2003)
“Operational model for a combined life cycle assessment/life cycle
costing study of building materials/components for public housing”. CIB
Student Chapters International Symposium 2003. Hong Kong.
Xu W and Chen Q: (2001)
“A two-layer turbulence model for simulating indoor airflow:
Part II. Applications”. Energy and Buildings, 33,
pp627-639.
Zhai Z, Chen Q, Haves P
and Klems JH: (2002). “On approaches to couple energy simulation and
computational fluid dynamics programs”. Building
and Environment, 37,
pp857-864.
Zhang W and Chen Q:
(2000). “Large eddy simulation of indoor airflow with a filtered dynamic
subgrid scale model”. International
Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 43,
pp3219-3231. |
