Paper 8
The Potential Impact of the New (
UK
) Building Regulations on the Provision of Natural Ventilation in
Dwellings - A Case Study of Low Energy Social Housing
Ian
C Ward
Building
Energy Analysis Unit,
School
of
Architecture
,
University
of
Sheffield
,
Western Bank,
Sheffield
,
S10 2TN
UK
Abstract
The UK Building Regulations regarding the provision of openings to
promote natural ventilation of dwellings were modified in 2006 and, with
the increased demand for sealing of structures to prevent the ingress of
unwanted air, there is the possibility that under certain design
conditions there would be insufficient provision of outside air in the
absence of window opening or mechanical ventilation. This paper aims to
demonstrate, through a case study of the design of low energy social
housing in the North of England, how the current Building Regulations for
the provision of natural ventilation will affect the likely supply of
outside air for a range of building densities and orientations.
The study has identified that, for a significant period of time,
the supply of fresh outside air via the trickle ventilators will not
provide a Category A perceived indoor air quality index. Buoyancy
ventilation could help in this situation but on site investigations have
highlighted how social tenants perceive the use of trickle ventilators and
other aspects related to providing adequate fresh air
which is worrying for designers of low energy buildings.
Key words: natural
ventilation, indoor air quality, low energy housing.
References
Accent Group; (2006)
“Report to the Accent Group on the Pressure Testing of the ECO Homes
project, The Hamptons, Peterborough”, Accent Group, Social Housing
provider, Shipley, West Yorkshire.
Building Regulations Part F (2006), “Approved Document F
– Ventilation”. 2006 edition. ISBN 978 1 85946 205 8.
Communities and Local Government
UK
. http://www.building-regulation.org/.
Cain
WS, Leaderer BP, Isserolf R, Berglund LG, Huey RJ, Lipsitt ED and Perlman
D: (1983) “Ventilation requirements in buildings: Control of occupancy
odour and tobacco smoke odour”. Atmos. Environ. 7, (6).
CaRB, Carbon Reduction in
Buildings, a Consortia Grant under the Carbon Vision Programme funded by
Carbon Trust/EPSRC; www.carb.org.uk.
Code
of practice for ventilation principles and designing for natural
ventilation, BS 5925, British Standards Institute,
London
, 1991, http://www.bsonline.bsi-global.com/server/index.jsp.
COMIS-
http://software.cstb.fr/images/comis/empa_ba/empa_ba.htm.
DEFRA: (2003) “Our energy future - creating a
low carbon economy”, Energy White Paper February 2003, Department for
Environment Food and Rural Affairs.
EUR
14449 EN: (1992) “Guidelines for Ventilation Requirements in
Buildings”, Report No. 11, European Collaborative Action – Indoor Air
Quality and its Impact on
Man.
EUR
18676 EN: (1999) “Sensory Evaluation of Indoor Air Quality”, Report
No. 20, European Collaborative Action – Indoor Air Quality and its
Impact on
Man.
EUR
20741EN: (2003) “Ventilation, Good Indoor Air Quality and Rational Use
of Energy”, Report No. 23, European Collaborative Action – Indoor Air
Quality and its Impact on
Man.
Fanger
PO
: (1988) “Introduction of the olf and the decipol units to quantify air
pollution perceived by humans indoors and outdoors”, Energy and
Buildings, 12, pp1-6.
IPCC: (2001) “Climate Change 2001: Synthesis Report”,
International Panel on Climate Change, http://www.ipcc.ch/pub/reports.htm.
Iwashita
G, Kimura K, Tanabe S, Yoshizawa S and Ikeda K: (1990) “Indoor air
quality assessment based on human olfactory sensation”, Jourmal of
Arch. Planning and Environment Engineering, AIJ, 410, pp9-19.
Jia Y and Sill BL: (1998)
“Pressures on a cube embedded in a uniform roughness field of variable
spacing density”, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial
Aerodynamics, 77-78, pp491-501.
Jones AP: (1998) “Asthma
and domestic air quality”, Soc. Sci. Med. 47, (6),
pp755-764.
Khanduri AC, Stathopoulos
T and Bédard C: (1998) “Wind-induced interferences effects on buildings
– a review of the state-of-the-art”, Engineering Structures, 20,
(70), pp617-630.
Kimber I: (1998)
“Allergy, asthma and the environment: an introduction”. Toxicology
Letters, 102-103, pp301-306.
Lee BE, Hussain M and
Soliman BF: (1980) “Predicting Natural Ventilation Forces Upon Low Rise
Buildings”, ASHRAE
Journal, February,
pp35-39.
Liddament MW: (1996)
“A guide to energy efficient
ventilation”,
Coventry
: Oscar Faber,. EnvDesign TH7223 .L518.
Olsen N: (2003)
“Engaging health professionals in action on unhealthy housing”, Proc.
Healthy Housing: Promoting good health conference,
University
of
Warwick
19th-21st March.
USDE: “Passive solar
design – Increase in energy efficiency and comfort in homes by
incorporating passive solar design features”, US Department of Energy,
State and Community Programs, http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/info/documents/pdfs/29236.pdf
van Moeseke G, Gratia E,
Reiter S and De Herde A: (2005) “Wind pressure distribution influence on
natural ventilation for different incidences and environmental
densities”, Energy and Buildings, 37, pp878-889.
Wargocki P, Sundell J,
Bischof W, Brundrett
G, Fanger PO, Gyntelberg F,
Hanssen SO, Harrison
P, Pickering A, Seppanen O
and Wouters P: (2002) “EUROVEN”,
Indoor Air. Jun;12, (2), pp113-28.
Ward IC: (2003) “The
usefulness of climate maps of built-up areas in determining drivers for
the energy and environmental efficiency of buildings and external
areas”, International Journal of Ventilation, 2, (3),
pp277-286.
Wiren BG: (1983)
“Effects of surrounding buildings on wind pressure distributions and
ventilative heat losses for a single family house”.
Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 15,
pp15-26.
|
