Paper 8
Fire and Smoke Management in a Uni-Directional Road
Tunnel for a Congested Traffic Condition
Y. Liu1,
J. Munro1 and B. Dandie2
1Parsons
Brinckerhoff Australia
2Thiess
Pty Ltd, Australia
Abstract
Emergency smoke ventilation for a uni-directional traffic road tunnel
is studied using a CFD modelling approach. Fire scenarios in an uphill
ramp for congested traffic conditions have been considered. Based on a
longitudinal smoke ventilation system with a damper smoke-extraction
device on the ceiling soffit, the impact of longitudinal ventilation (LV)
control, operation of fire suppression intervention and emergency response
delay have been quantitatively investigated.
An assessment conducted with CFD modelling quantitatively shows to what
extent the visibility is influenced. It has been revealed that
longitudinal airflow velocities can influence the performance of damper
smoke-extraction. Different longitudinal airflow velocity should be
maintained for fires in different tunnel locations under congested traffic
conditions. This is important for tunnels with a fire suppression system,
as smoke flows to the lower location when hot layer stratification is
disturbed by the application of water. Fire suppression can cool down the
smoke temperature significantly, but the visibility in the downstream
portion of the tunnel can be impacted if longitudinal ventilation is not
properly controlled
For the modelled conditions with a heavy goods vehicle (HGV) fire in a
5% uphill ramp section of a tunnel, an LV flow velocity of 2 m/s can
maintain tenable conditions upstream and downstream for congested traffic
conditions.
Key words: road tunnel, fire emergency, longitudinal
ventilation, smoke extraction, life safety.
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